The Sahrawi are an ethnic group primarily inhabiting the western Sahara desert that mainly speak Arabic. Western Sahara is the last African colonial state yet to achieve independence and 70% is currently occupied by Morocco (including all major cities and resources). The other 30% of the state is governed by the Polisario Front, who are fighting a guerilla war supported by Algeria. 

In 1975 the ICJ gave an advisory opinion that Morocco did not have sovereignty over the region and that the Sahrawi people had a right to self-determination by independence. In 1976, the Polisario Front declared the independence of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, which is recognised by 44 UN countries and is a member of the African Union. Morocco is currently supported by France and the US, who have backed Morocco's 2007 Western Sahara Autonomy Proposal that mirrors the Spanish approach to regional autonomy (e.g. the Basque Country, Andalusia, and Catalonia).

Under a water trading system, water allocation rights are bought and sold on an open market.

Under a riparian water rights system, landowners have the right to make equitable and reasonable use of water which flows through their land. These rights cannot be sold or transferred other than with the adjoining land and only in reasonable quantities associated with that land. The water cannot be transferred out of the catchment basin without payment being paid to the downstream riparian landowners.

In the status quo, researchers submit papers to individual academic journals to be accepted for peer review and publication.

A preprint server is an online platform where researchers can publicly share early versions of their scholarly papers in order to receive feedback before they undergo formal peer review or are published in academic journals (e.g. arXiv, ChemRxiv, LingBuzz). In the staus quo most preprint servers are free to access.

Brazil has one of the highest rates of cosmetic surgery in the world, and has the most plastic surgeons per capita globally. Cosmetic surgery is broadly popular in Brazil, and it is generally seen as a legitimate form of self-care. Many foreigners also travel to Brazil for cosmetic surgery.

Brazil's public health system, the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), has very broad subsidies for reconstructive surgery, which are often used for purely aesthetic procedures. Otherwise, most clinics offer payment plans for cosmetic surgeries, and many university hospitals offer free plastic surgery. 

The Albanese government's social media age restrictions will come into effect in December this year. They will require social media companies to take reasonable steps to prevent Australians under the age of 16 from registering accounts on their platforms. However, social media companies will not be able to require government ID to sign up for an account. These restrictions will apply to Facebook, TikTok and YouTube, among other platforms.